In 1119, the French knight Hugues de Payens approached King Baldwin II of Jerusalem and Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem, and proposed creating a monastic order for the protection of these pilgrims. The abrupt reduction in power of a significant group in European society gave rise to speculation, legend, and legacy through the ages. Pope Clement V disbanded the order in 1312 under pressure from King Philip.
In 1307, he had many of the order's members in France arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and burned at the stake. Rumours about the Templars' secret initiation ceremony created distrust, and King Philip IV of France – deeply in debt to the order – took advantage of this distrust to destroy them and erase his debt. The Templars were closely tied to the Crusades when the Holy Land was lost, support for the order faded. Non-combatant members of the order, who made up as much as 90% of their members, managed a large economic infrastructure throughout Christendom, developing innovative financial techniques that were an early form of banking, building its own network of nearly 1,000 commanderies and fortifications across Europe and the Holy Land, and arguably forming the world's first multinational corporation. Templar knights, in their distinctive white mantles with a red cross, were amongst the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades. They were prominent in Christian finance. The Templars became a favored charity throughout Christendom, and grew rapidly in membership and power. The order was active until 1312 when it was perpetually suppressed by Pope Clement V by the bull Vox in excelso. They were recognized in 1139 by the papal bull Omne datum optimum of Pope Innocent II. The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon ( Latin: Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar or simply the Templars, was a Catholic military order founded in 1118, headquartered on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem through 1128 when they went to meet with Pope Honorius II.
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